CDC to Begin Tests on 500 FEMA Trailers and Mobile Homes in Louisiana and Mississippi

Shelley Bluejay Pierce 12/13/2007


WASHINGTON DC- After delays lasting nearly two months, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) will begin indoor air-quality tests on the FEMA issued trailers and mobile homes deployed to hurricane victims. FEMA Administrator, R. David Paulison and Dr. Howard Frumkin, Director for the National Center for Environmental Health, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) at CDC held a press conference Thursday to discuss the upcoming tests.

Testing for formaldehyde levels in the FEMA units used by hurricane victims was set to begin in early November. The tests were delayed with FEMA saying that more time was needed to develop a better indoor air quality testing program.

By late November, a federal judge in New Orleans had ordered FEMA administrator, R. David Paulison, to submit a "detailed plan" for testing the units for formaldehyde levels. The press conference held Thursday in Washington D.C. was to inform the media of the testing parameters and upcoming schedules.

Administrator Paulison explained, "We have done some sample testing along the way but what has not happened, is a pure scientific test to find out exactly what we have. That's why we asked CDC to come in and do this."

Paulison continued, "We wanted to make sure that we had a test that was scientifically based, that we had a credible agency that really understood formaldehyde to come in and do this and give us an honest assessment as to what's going on."

Many trailer and mobile home occupants living in the FEMA supplied housing in the hurricane zones have filed lawsuits against the manufacturers who made the trailers claiming that high levels of formaldehyde have caused them health problems.

The generic word "trailer" has been used in the discussions and media reports about the FEMA units that occupants have complained of having high levels of formaldehyde. Lindsay Huckabee, a hurricane survivor that testified before the House Oversight Committee Hearings, has repeatedly stated that her family has suffered many health problems from the formaldehyde exposure in the FEMA provided units she and her family have lived in.

Native American Times asked Administrator Paulison and Dr. Frumkin during the press conference Thursday if the mobile homes that have been in storage in Hope, Arkansas and deployed for use in aiding wildfire victims in California are of the same type as the mobile homes that are to be tested for formaldehyde in Louisiana and Mississippi.

Administrator Paulison replied, "We are testing every model that we have. The mobile homes that we sent to Native Americans are very similar to the ones that we are using in Louisiana and Mississippi so we should be able to extrapolate all of that also."

Paulison also explained that HUD regulations have standards for materials that are used in building mobile homes that differ from the trailer industry. However, he further commented that the FEMA mobile homes that are occupied down in the two testing areas in the Gulf Coast states will help in determining if there are formaldehyde issues in the mobile homes in the rest of their inventory.

Dr. Howard Frumkin from the CDC stated, "We support FEMA's goal for people to get into safe, healthy, permanent housing as soon as is feasible. The program we are announcing today is a program of testing formaldehyde levels in 500 trailers that are occupied across Louisiana and Mississippi to determine the formaldehyde levels in those trailers and to determine some factors that might affect the levels either pushing them up or pushing them down. We will begin the testing just before Christmas, will stand it down for a few days during the holidays and continue the testing for about a one months time, concluding in late January. We expect to have the entire data set of results available for distribution both for the participants and to the larger community later in February."

Dr. Frumkin went on to say, "There is no single, safe, line in the sand level of formaldehyde exposure that is acceptable and there is no single level that is unacceptable. The higher the level of exposure to formaldehyde, the greater the concern with regard to health affects. The lower the level of formaldehyde the more reassurance we can issue to the people living in mobile homes."

Previous reports from FEMA state that an average of 800 people per week have been moving out of the FEMA trailers down in the hurricane areas and that a little less than 47,000 families are still occupying travel trailers and mobile homes spread across the Southeast. Housing shortages have left many residents with no options but to stay in their FEMA units.

Sierra Club spokeswoman, Becky Gillette stated in earlier press reports, "FEMA should spend less time on testing and more on trying to reduce formaldehyde levels in trailers. There are no other places for these people to go besides FEMA trailers."

Dr. Frumkin explained the testing parameters by saying, "We'll have our staff visiting 500 randomly selected trailers. We have a careful distribution of trailer types so that we will be able to come in on differences that will apply to one trailer type to another. They'll conduct an air sampling using standardized industrial hygiene methods as well as make observations of the trailers and conduct interviews with people in the trailers to understand some of the conditions that prevail in the trailers. This is a limited study in the sense that it's a one time only testing. We are aware that the levels we measure during our January testing may not be the same as the levels that prevailed a year or two ago when the trailers were new or may not be the level that prevail when the weather's warmer. So we will be issuing appropriate cautions with the results we issue."

The indoor air quality testing to be performed by the CDC was described by Dr. Frumkin as "air sucking" where a machine is placed in the center part of the living area and collects air at the breathing height of those occupying the trailer so that actual air being breathed in by occupants can be monitored over a one hour period of time.

Dr. Frumkin explained, "Formaldehyde is only one of several factors that families will want to consider when they make their decisions about relocating to more permanent housing."

Frumkin also stated, "These tests that we are getting ready to do and the studies that will follow will provide the residents with additional information as they make their choices in housing and where they want to move to."

The air testing plan and the number of units to be tested were based on gaining the broadest air sampling results from all the various manufacturers, types of units and the lifestyles of those people occupying the FEMA units. Different manufacturers supplied FEMA with emergency housing and of those various manufacturers, there will different model types produced. The air sampling to be done by CDC is said to address the best cross section of these variabilities in the FEMA trailers and mobile homes.

Dr. Frumkin detailed the sampling program that CDC is conducting with FEMA as being only one of a series of activities to address and protect the health of those people living in the FEMA units. An expert panel from outside the government has supplied their expertise and a parallel study is supposed to be done in unoccupied trailers that will consider structural factors and abatement methods that may help reduce levels of formaldehyde.

Lindsay Huckabee has lived in two mobile homes, made by different manufacturers provided by FEMA, told Native American Times, "I don't need a number on a brochure or a testing print out to show me what the formaldehyde has done to my family. For the last two years while they have been deciding whether they wanted to test the FEMA units? We have been living in them."

"I am curious to know whether those units that show the high formaldehyde levels will magically have realistic and available rental units pop up for us to use. I don't think that anybody is in these by choice at this point," stated Huckabee.

In following the Huckabee familys' progress since the initial interview given to Native American Times following the House Oversight Committee Hearings, little progress has been made in getting the family out of their FEMA mobile home. Both Lindsay and her husband are working and raising five young children. With the enormous medical bills their family incurs due to reported high formaldehyde levels in their FEMA mobile home, there has been no money saved aside to aid them in moving or rebuilding.

The Huckabee family reports that they have dealt with ongoing physical ailments while living in their mobile homes. Her husband had to have a rare cancerous growth removed from the soft palate of his mouth just days before his wife Lindsay testified to the Oversight Committee Hearing.

The Huckabee's state that the mounting medical bills have made any movement forward toward relocating or rebuilding impossible.

"Our daughter who is 6 years old is having a painful laparoscopic nasal surgery done this upcoming week. The doctors need to widen the sinus passages and she is also having permanent ear drainage tubes placed in her ears because the temporary ones cannot handle all the discharge that is draining in her sinuses. The doctor stated that if we were leaving this mobile home anytime soon, we would not need to have the surgery done at all," explained Huckabee.

According to Huckabee, there have been no reimbursements by any agencies for their medical bills. She also explained to Native American Times that the doctor treating her daughter demanded that the child live somewhere other than in the mobile home following the surgery due to the fact that the new exposed nasal tissues will have no chance of healing if exposed to the formaldehyde in their mobile home.

Results of the CDC testing will be made available in late February according to Dr. Frumkin. Any FEMA residents who have issues with their units or need assistance from FEMA are asked to call: 1-866-562-2381

"50 FEMA Mobile Homes Headed to California"

by Shelley Bluejay Pierce
( wahela9@yahoo.com )

for Native American Times

November 6, 2007

San Diego, California- FEMA confirmed to Native American Times yesterday that 50 mobile homes from storage areas in Hope, Arkansas are on their way to aid fire victims in California. Raging wildfires have left hundreds homeless with estimates for total losses being in the millions of dollars. President Bush has declared this a disaster area in order for federal funding and relief efforts to begin flowing into the devastated areas.

FEMA Public Affairs representative, Alexandra Kirin, explained, "Mobile homes are a readily available housing option that FEMA has at our disposal to address the emergency housing needs of disaster victims when there are no other available housing resources. The Federal and State Joint Housing Task Force (JHTF) developed a Joint Housing Strategy which incorporates the housing options identified by FEMA's Joint Housing Solutions Group (JHSG). The JHSG is an established team of experts formed after Hurricane Katrina to identify alternate housing solutions. They are working to identify and recommend potential housing units that may serve an alternative."

During times of extreme disasters, the public depends upon the federal governments' fast response for needed food and water supplies, medical aid and funding so that residents of the area can recover as quickly as possible.

Hurricanes Katrina and Rita offered severe testing grounds for FEMA and other agencies responsible for emergency response. Over the many months following the hurricanes hitting the gulf coast region, accusations of inadequate handling of the disaster have surfaced from all sectors of the stricken communities.

Rep. Henry A. Waxman heard details at a House Oversight Committee hearing where the negative health effects caused by formaldehyde in some of the FEMA supplied trailers and mobile homes became evident. Now the same FEMA mobile homes that gave shelter to hurricane victims are coming out of storage lots in Hope, Arkansas and headed to California.

In testimony given before the committee, Lindsay Huckabee, a FEMA mobile home resident in Mississippi, detailed how formaldehyde exposure left her family trying to cope with health problems and high medical bills. Detailed scientific data was supplied by Mary DeVany regarding formaldehyde exposure confusion arising from many governing agencies all placing different exposure limits upon formaldehyde.

The Department for Housing and Urban Development (HUD) states on their website that they have "set a standard for formaldehyde emissions in manufactured housing of less than .2ppm for plywood and .3ppm for particle board. Many products are stamped to indicate compliance with the HUD standards. The HUD standards are designed to provide an ambient level of .4ppm or less in manufactured housing."

As disclosed in the House Oversight Committee hearings, The Department of Housing and Urban Development regulates formaldehyde levels in mobile homes and other prefabricated dwellings, but travel trailers are not covered under the governing regulations.

Confusion has arisen for those involved in discussing the formaldehyde contamination in the FEMA provided emergency housing units due to the interchangeable use of "trailers" to refer to both the camper trailers and the mobile homes. FEMA, Director R. David Paulison, told the House Oversight Committee hearing attendees that "…the camper trailers were designed for short-term use only and not for extended living."

However, Sierra Club performed formaldehyde tests on FEMA campers and mobile homes in the hurricane region that revealed high levels of formaldehyde in both types of units, though not in all of them.

The Huckabee family complained about high levels of formaldehyde in their first FEMA mobile home. FEMA provided a second mobile home, which had been used previously in hopes that time and ventilation would have lowered its formaldehyde levels. The Huckabee family continues to live in this second mobile home that has also tested above limits for formaldehyde.

Senator Tim Johnson, (Dem. South Dakota) attempted to ease the severe need for adequate housing on Native American reservation lands by working diligently to attain the surplus FEMA mobile homes being held in Hope, Arkansas for use on his home states' Indian lands. After learning about the risks of formaldehyde in the units, Senator Johnson sent a letter to Director Paulison asking for testing on all units prior to their being delivered to reservation lands.

Senator Johnson asked in his letter to Director Paulison, "Specifically as it applies to mobile homes, what has FEMA done to ensure formaldehyde levels are safe for long term habitation? Will air quality testing be done on each mobile home before they are distributed pursuant to PKEMRA? As FEMA works with the Environmental Protection Agency, the Centers for Disease Control, and the Department of Health and Human Services to improve conditions in travel trailers, similar efforts must to be taken to ensure no related threats arise in tribal mobile homes."

FEMA has issued the following statement on their website in response to growing concern about the transfer or sale of these units, "Until FEMA has received the CDC's final results and recommendations, no recreational vehicle (travel trailer or park model) currently in FEMA's inventory will be sold, excessed, transferred, or donated to any individual or entity."
(http://www.fema.gov/media/fact_sheets/qa_deploy_sale.shtm)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) spokesperson, Charles Green, explained that, "The mobile homes used by FEMA are a bit shorter than standard mobile homes but are indeed 2 or 3 bedroom units much like standard mobile homes. The CDC has been performing formaldehyde tests that so far have centered upon the camper trailer units that are in surplus. We are in the process of organizing broader scope testing protocols now that will focus on all indoor air quality so that a wide range things will be tested in the FEMA units."

Formaldehyde testing on these units was suspended recently but according to FEMA Public Affairs representative, Alexandra Kirin, "Details were still being worked out when a National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) contractor prematurely contacted some residents to schedule air quality tests. The appointments have been postponed until these health and environmental experts finalize the testing process. NCEH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."